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The materials and resources provided on this page are intended for display or distribution in settings, such as agricultural fairs, where there may be direct or indirect contact between pigs and people to help prevent the spread of H3N2v.

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Video Podcast: CDC Recommendations to Reduce the Risk of H3N2v Flu Virus Infection for Fairgoers and Swine Exhibitors [5 MB, 5 min 51 sec]

Dr. Lyn Finelli discusses CDC’s recommendations for reducing the risk of infection with H3N2v flu viruses for fairgoers and swine exhibitors.

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Selected Publications and Resources Related to H3N2v

Antibodies cross-reactive to influenza A (H3N2) variant virus and impact of the 2010-11 seasonal influenza vaccine on cross-reactive antibodies-United States. MMWR 2012;61(14):237-241.

Balish A, Garten R, Kilmov A,Villanueva J. Analytical detection of influenza A(H3N2)v and other A variant viruses from the USA by rapid influenza diagnostic tests. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 2013; 7(4), 491-496.

Bowman A, Sreevatsa S, Killian M, et al. Molecular evidence for interspecies transmission of H3N2pM/H3N2v influenza A viruses at an Ohio agricultural fair, July 2012. Emerging Microbes and Infections 2012; 1, e33; doi:10.1038/emi.2012.33. [1.82 MB, 8 pages]

Bowman A, Nolting J, Nelson S, Slemons RD. Subclinical Influenza Virus A Infections in Pigs Exhibited at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2009-2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2012; Vol 18 (12). [222 KB, 6 pages]

Cauchemez S, Eppereson S, Biggerstaff M, et al. Using Routine Surveillance Data to Estimate the Epidemic Potential of Emerging Zoonoses: Application to the Emergence of US Swine Origin Influenza A H3N2v Virus. PLoS Medicine 2013; 10(3): e1001399. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001399.

Chen Q, Madson D, Miller CL, et al. Vaccine development for protecting swine against influenza virus. Vaccine development for protecting swine against influenza virus. Anim Health Res Rev 2012; 13(2):181-95. doi: 10.1017/S1466252312000175.

Feng Z, Gomez J, Bowman AS, et al. Antigenic Characterization of H3N2 Influenza A Viruses from Ohio Agricultural Fairs. J Virol 2013; 87(13):7655-67. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00804-13.

Houser KV, Katz JM, Tumpey Tm. Seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine does not protect against newly emerging variants of influenza A (H3N2v) virus in ferrets. J Virol. 2013 Jan; 87(2):1261-3. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02625-12. Epub 2012 Oct 31.

Jhung M, Epperson S, Biggerstaff M, et al. Outbreak of Variant Influenza A (H3N2v) Virus in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2013; doi: 10.1093/cid/cit649 [756 KB, 30 pages].

Kitikoon P, Nelson M, Killian ML, et al. Genotype patterns of contemporary reassorted H3N2 virus in US swine. J Gen Virol 2013; 94(Pt 6):1236-41. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.51839-0.

Kitikoon P, Vincent Al, Gauger PC, etal. Pathogenicity and transmission in pigs of the novel A(H3N2)v influenza virus isolated from humans and characterization of swine H3N2 viruses isolated in 2010-2011. J Virol. 2012; Jun;86(12):6804-14. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00197-12.

Laskowski M, Duvvuri V, Buckeridge DL, et al. Influenza H3N2 variant viruses with pandemic potential: Preventing catastrophe in remote and isolated Canadian communities. Prev Med. 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.011.

Lindstrom S, Garten R, Balish A, et al. Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011. EID 2012; DOI: 10.3201/eid1805.111922.

MMWR: July 27, 2012: Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Among Persons and Swine at a County Fair — Indiana, July 2012. MMWR 2012; 61(29); 561.

MMWR, August 17, 2012: Evaluation of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests for Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus and Updated Case Count — United States, 2012. MMWR 2012; 61(Early Release); 1-3.

Nelson M, Vincent Al, Kitikoon P, et al. Evolution of novel reassortant A/H3N2 influenza viruses in North American swine and humans, 2009-2011. J Virol. 2012; 86(16):8872-8. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00259-12.

Pearce M, Jayaraman A, Pappas C, et al. Pathogenesis and transmission of swine origin A(H3N2)v influenza viruses in ferrets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A 2012; 109(10):3944-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1119945109. Epub 2012 Feb 21.

Skowronski DM, et al. Cross-reactive and vaccine-induced antibody to an emerging swine-origin variant of influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (H3N2v). JID 2012; 206: 1852-6.

Skowronski DM, Moser F, Janjua N, et al. H3N2v and Other Influenza Epidemic Risk Based on Age-Specific Estimates of Sero-Protection and Contact Network Interactions. PLOS One 2013; 8(1): e54015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054015.

Swerdlow D and Finelli L.Supplement: The Emergence of Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus: What we Learned From the First Wave, July 2011-April 2012. CID 2013; doi:10.1093/cid/cit325.

Terebuh P, Olsen CW, Wright J, Kilmov A, et al. Transmission of influenza A viruses between pigs and people, Iowa, 2002-2004. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2010; Nov;4(6):387-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00175.x.

Waalen K, Kilander A, Dudman S, et al. Age-dependent prevalence of antibodies cross-reactive to the influenza A (H3N2) variant virus in sera collected in Norway in 2011. Euro Surveillance 2012, 17(19): 1-5.

Wong K, Greenbaum A, Moll M, et al. Outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) Variant Virus Infection among Attendees of an Agricultural Fair, Pennsylvania, USA, 2011. EID 2012; DOI: 10.3201/eid1812.121097

Wongphatcharachai M, Wang P, Enomoto S. Neutralizing DNA aptamers against swine influenza H3N2 viruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; Jan;51(1):46-54. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02118-12.