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Perspective
Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation,
and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease
Nathan D. Wolfe,*
Peter Daszak,† A. Marm Kilpatrick,† and Donald S. Burke*
*Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,
USA; and †Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Suggested
citation for this article
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Table. Some zoonotic pathogens that have
emerged in the Cameroon–Congo Basin region, 1970–2005*
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Pathogen or disease
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Reservoir species
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Outcome of transmission
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Risk behavior
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Confirmed or probable transmission
routes
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Ref.
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Body fluids
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Bites/saliva
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Organs/tissues
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Feces/urine
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Vectors (indirect)
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Arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever)
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Various
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Localized outbreaks
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Human presence in region for habitation,
work or leisure
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X
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(5,19,20)
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Ebola
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Unknown
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Localized epidemics, short timescale
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Hunting or wildlife necropsy
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X
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X
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X
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X
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(21)
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Monkeypox
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squirrels, and others
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Localized epidemics (at least four
transmission cycles recorded)
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X
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X
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(22)
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HIV-1 and -2
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Chimpanzee, sooty mangabe
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Repeated single infections or localized
outbreaks, followed by national then global emergence
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Hunting & butchering nonhuman primates
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X
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X
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X
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(23)
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Anthrax
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Ungulates
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Single infections or localized epidemics
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Butchering or eating carcasses
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X
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X
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X
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Salmonellosis
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Range of nonhuman primates
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Single infections
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Keeping pets
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X
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(24)
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Herpes B virus (did not emerge locally)
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Range of nonhuman primates
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Single infections
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Keeping pets
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X
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X
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X
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(25)
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Loa loa
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Localized outbreaks
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Logging/road-building, ecotourism,
research
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X
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X
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X
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Simian foamy viruses
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Gorilla, mandarin, De Brazza's guenon,
other unknown spp.
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Exposure without replication, or replication
in a single human
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Hunting nonhuman primates
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X
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X
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X
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X
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(26)
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Chromomycosis
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Wood collection
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X
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X
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X
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*Note that herpes B virus did not infect humans
locally in the Cameroon-Congo basin.
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