| HIV prevention case management is a hybrid intervention derived from individual HIV risk-reduction interventions and case management. Individual-level HIV interventions have been effective in changing risk behavior (Choi & Coates, 1994; Kalichman, Carey, & Johnson, 1996). Individual interventions have reduced HIV risk behavior in a variety of populations, for example, adolescent and adult heterosexuals, gay and bisexual men, and adults with serious and persistent mental illness. Furthermore, these intervention strategies have worked in a variety of settings such as counseling and testing sites, methadone maintenance clinics, and shelters. For example, a recently completed CDC study of heterosexual STD clinic patients found significant decreases in STD rates for persons receiving either a two-session or a four-session client-focused counseling intervention (Kamb et al., 1997). Behavioral interventions also have facilitated change in areas other than HIV, such as smoking, diet, exercise, and adherence to treatment for tuberculosis and other diseases.
In addition to individual-level HIV interventions, case management is widely acknowledged to be an important intervention with the potential to address a wide range of social ills (Rothman, 1992). Since the 1970s, when case management first became widely used for persons with serious mental illness, it has been applied to an increasingly broad array of populations to address an increasing variety of problems (Falck et al., 1994). By adding a case management component to HIV risk-reduction interventions for persons having, or very likely to have, difficulty initiating and sustaining safer behavior, CDC posited that risk-reduction efforts might be more effective.
Because little research or writing exists on the relatively new prevention activity called PCM, the literature on case management and AIDS case management is particularly relevant. AIDS case management is an interrelated system of services provided to HIV-seropositive persons to promote adaptive coping and improve their access to medical and other supportive services. The literature reviews of case management and AIDS case management presented here are not intended to be exhaustive. The focus throughout is on research findings most relevant for PCM.
Go to section 2.1 Case
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